What Is Brick Spalling and How Can You Address It?

Brick spalling occurs when bricks and other masonry elements deteriorate due to moisture, temperature fluctuations, or improper construction practices. It leads to cracks, chipping, or even complete disintegration.

Don’t let this become an issue. When you know how to address brick spalling, you can sustain your home’s structural integrity and good appearance.

Identify Early Signs of Damage

Begin by carefully inspecting your brickwork for early warning signs, like flaking, crumbling, or surface cracks. Look for areas where the surface of the brick seems to be peeling away or where chunks have fallen off entirely. Catching these issues early allows you to take corrective actions before the damage spreads, which can save you time, money, and effort in the long run.

Address Moisture Problems

Moisture infiltration is one of the leading causes of brick spalling. Water that seeps into the bricks can freeze and expand, causing the surface to crack and break off. Repairing leaks in the gutters, downspouts, or roofing will prevent excess water from coming into contact with the masonry.

Additionally, poor drainage can cause the bricks to degrade over time. Check for puddles near the base of the walls. Redirecting water away from the property will help minimize moisture-related damage.

Repair Cracked Mortar Joints

Water seeps into bricks with damaged or deteriorated mortar joints. It accelerates spalling and weakens the structural integrity of the wall.

Repointing, the process of removing and replacing old or cracked mortar, restores the wall’s stability and resistance to moisture. Use a high-quality mortar mix that matches the original material to ensure a seamless repair and long-lasting protection.

Use a Waterproof Coating

Applying a breathable waterproof sealant can act as a protective barrier against moisture while allowing any trapped water inside the brick to escape. This process helps prevent issues caused by internal moisture retention, such as cracking and spalling.

Also, avoid using unbreathable coatings, as they can trap water inside the brick, worsening the problem over time. Make sure to periodically reapply the waterproof coating as recommended by the manufacturer for continued protection.

Install Proper Drainage Systems

Ensure your property has an effective drainage system to direct water away from your foundation and walls. Poor drainage can result in standing water near your masonry, which increases the risk of spalling over time.

To keep excess water from pooling around your brick structures, consider installing French drains or slope grading. A functional drainage system will protect the masonry and preserve the stability of your property.

Replace Severely Damaged Bricks

Certain bricks will suffer significant deterioration that you cannot easily repair. In this case, you should replace them entirely. Replacing damaged bricks not only restores the structural integrity of your wall but also improves its appearance, making it look well-maintained and sturdy. Be sure to use replacement bricks that match the size, color, and texture of the original ones for a cohesive look.

Additionally, invest in high-quality, durable items. Consider factors such as weather resistance, density, and compatibility with your local climate. Quality bricks are less susceptible to spalling and cracking, so they will withstand the test of time.

Insulate Against Temperature Extremes

Bricks often suffer from freeze-thaw cycles where water trapped inside the brick expands upon freezing and contracts when it thaws. Over time, these temperature fluctuations weaken the brick and lead to spalling.

Insulating walls or adding external weatherproof barriers can help reduce exposure to extreme temperature changes. If you spot any extra gaps or cracks, caulk the imperfections to limit water infiltration.

Avoid Harsh Cleaning Methods

While cleaning your bricks is important for maintaining their appearance, using abrasive techniques—like sandblasting or high-pressure washing—can do more harm than good. These methods can strip away the protective outer layer of the bricks, leaving them more vulnerable to moisture and spalling.

Gentle cleaning methods are the way to go. Use soft brushes or low-pressure washing tools to preserve the integrity of the masonry. The surface will look great without suffering from damage.

Conduct Routine Maintenance

Performing regular maintenance inspections is one of the easiest ways to keep your brickwork in good condition. Check for early signs of wear and tear, such as loose mortar, cracks, or discoloration caused by moisture. Addressing small issues as they arise can prevent them from escalating into more serious and costly problems. Routine maintenance ensures your masonry remains strong and visually appealing over time.

Reinforce Foundations

Unstable or uneven foundations can place stress on brick structures, leading to cracks, shifting, and, eventually, spalling. Strengthening the home’s foundation provides a stable support system for the walls.

Consult with a professional to assess the condition of your foundation. They will provide guidance about the best reinforcements that will prevent brick spalling and structural complications.

Monitor Landscaping Near Walls

Trees, shrubs, and other plants located near your brick structures can introduce excess moisture through their roots or by trapping water against the walls. Additionally, tree roots can exert pressure on your foundation, leading to structural damage over time. Be mindful of the placement of landscaping features around your property, and trim back any overgrown vegetation that may be too close to your masonry.

Consult Professionals for Complex Repairs

Some spalling issues may be too advanced or widespread for DIY solutions. In such cases, consulting a masonry specialist is the best course of action. Professional repair services can address severe damage effectively, using specialized tools and techniques to restore your brickwork. An expert’s advice can also help you prevent future issues by identifying underlying causes and recommending long-term solutions.

Knowing what brick spalling is and how to address it is key to maintaining the strength and beauty of your masonry. By focusing on early detection, proper maintenance, and timely repairs, you can protect brick structures from long-term damage. Whether it’s improving drainage, replacing damaged bricks, or consulting a professional, taking proactive steps now will ensure your brickwork remains in excellent condition for years to come.

Don’t wait until small cracks turn into major problems. Work with Omega Construction of MI for all your Ann Arbor chimney cleaning needs. With our assistance, you can preserve the integrity and appeal of your home’s brickwork.